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CBIC Certified Infection Control Exam 認定 CIC 試験問題 (Q153-Q158):

質問 # 153
A facility's goal is to increase hand-hygiene compliance from the current 52% to 75% within 12 months. A gap analysis identifies several different issues. Which of the following is BEST suited for summarizing these issues?

A. Ishikawa diagram
B. Gantt chart
C. Flow chart
D. Affinity diagram

正解：A

解説：
AnIshikawa diagram (fishbone diagram)is used tovisually represent cause-and-effect relationshipsin problem analysis. It is best for summarizing and categorizing issues found in a gap analysis related to infection prevention.
* TheAPIC Textconfirms:
"A fishbone diagram (also called a tree diagram or Ishikawa) allows a team to identify, explore, and graphically display all of the possible causes related to a problem to discover the root cause".
* It's particularly useful in quality improvement and infection prevention project analysis.
References:
CBIC Study Guide, 6th Edition, Chapter on Quality Concepts
APIC Text, 4th Edition, Chapter 16 - Quality Concepts

質問 # 154
In a retrospective case-control study, the initial case group is composed of persons

A. without the disease.
B. without the risk factor under investigation
C. with the disease
D. with the risk factor under investigation

正解：C

解説：
In a retrospective case-control study, cases and controls are selected based on disease status. The case group is composed of individuals who have the disease (cases), while the control group consists of individuals without the disease. This design allows researchers to look back in time to assess exposure to potential risk factors.
Step-by-Step Justification:
* Selection of Cases and Controls:
* Cases: Individuals who already have the disease.
* Controls: Individuals without the disease but similar in other aspects.
* Direction of Study:
* A retrospective study moves backward from the disease outcome to investigate potential causes or risk factors.
* Data Collection:
* Uses past medical records, interviews, and laboratory results to determine past exposures.
* Common Use:
* Useful for studying rare diseases since cases have already occurred, making it cost-effective compared to cohort studies.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* B. without the disease: (Incorrect) This describes the control group, not the case group.
* C. with the risk factor under investigation: (Incorrect) Risk factors are identified after selecting cases and controls.
* D. without the risk factor under investigation: (Incorrect) The study investigates whether cases had prior exposure, not whether they lacked a risk factor.
CBIC Infection Control References:
* APIC Text, Chapter on Epidemiologic Study Design.

質問 # 155
Given the formula for calculating incidence rates, the Y represents which of the following?

A. Number of events
B. Population at risk
C. Number of infected patients
D. Population served

正解：B

解説：
Incidence rate is a fundamental epidemiological measure used to quantify the frequency of new cases of a disease within a specified population over a defined time period. The Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC) supports the use of such metrics in the "Surveillance and Epidemiologic Investigation" domain, aligning with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) "Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice" (3rd Edition, 2012). The formula provided, XY×K=Raterac{X}
{Y} imes K = RateYX×K=Rate, represents the standard incidence rate calculation, where KKK is a constant (e.g., 1,000 or 100,000) to express the rate per unit population, and the question asks what YYY represents among the given options.
In the incidence rate formula, XXX typically represents the number of new cases (or events) of the disease occurring during a specific period, and YYY represents the population at risk during that same period. The ratio XYrac{X}{Y}YX yields the rate per unit of population, which is then multiplied by KKK to standardize the rate (e.g., cases per 1,000 persons). The CDC defines the denominator (YYY) as the population at risk, which includes individuals susceptible to the disease over the observation period. Option B ("Number of infected patients") might suggest XXX if it specified new cases, but as the denominator YYY, it is incorrect because incidence focuses on new cases relative to the at-risk population, not the total number of infected individuals (which could include prevalent cases). Option C ("Population at risk") correctly aligns with YYY, representing the base population over which the rate is calculated.
Option A, "Population served," is a broader term that might include the total population under care (e.g., in a healthcare facility), but it is not specific to those at risk for new infections, making it less precise. Option D,
"Number of events," could align with XXX (new cases or events), but as the denominator YYY, it does not fit the formula's structure. The CBIC Practice Analysis (2022) and CDC guidelines reinforce that the denominator in incidence rates is the population at risk, ensuring accurate measurement of new disease occurrence.
References:
* CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022.
* CDC Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, 3rd Edition, 2012.

質問 # 156
Each item or package that is prepared for sterilization should be labeled with the

A. storage location.
B. type of sterilization process.
C. cleaning method (e.g., mechanical or manual).
D. sterilizer identification number or code.

正解：D

解説：
The correct answer is C, "sterilizer identification number or code," as this is the essential information that each item or package prepared for sterilization should be labeled with. According to the Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC) guidelines, proper labeling of sterilized items is a critical component of infection prevention and control to ensure traceability and verify the sterilization process. The sterilizer identification number or code links the item to a specific sterilization cycle, allowing the infection preventionist (IP) and sterile processing staff to track the equipment used, confirm compliance with standards (e.g., AAMI ST79), and facilitate recall or investigation if issues arise (CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022, Domain III: Infection Prevention and Control, Competency 3.3 - Ensure safe reprocessing of medical equipment). This labeling ensures that the sterility of the item can be assured and documented, protecting patient safety by preventing the use of inadequately processed items.
Option A (storage location) is important for inventory management but is not directly related to the sterilization process itself and does not provide evidence of the sterilization event. Option B (type of sterilization process) indicates the method (e.g., steam, ethylene oxide), which is useful but less critical than the sterilizer identification, as the process type alone does not confirm the specific cycle or equipment used.
Option D (cleaning method, e.g., mechanical or manual) is a preliminary step in reprocessing, but it is not required on the sterilization label, as the focus shifts to sterilization verification once the item is prepared.
The requirement for a sterilizer identification number or code aligns with CBIC's emphasis on maintaining rigorous tracking and quality assurance in the reprocessing of medical devices, ensuring accountability and adherence to best practices (CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022, Domain III: Infection Prevention and Control, Competency 3.5 - Evaluate the environment for infection risks). This practice is mandated by standards such as AAMI ST79 to support effective infection control in healthcare settings.
References: CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022, Domain III: Infection Prevention and Control, Competencies 3.3 - Ensure safe reprocessing of medical equipment, 3.5 - Evaluate the environment for infection risks. AAMI ST79:2017, Comprehensive guide to steam sterilization and sterility assurance in health care facilities.

質問 # 157
Assume the mean age of onset for patients with tuberculosis (TB) is 62 years, with one standard deviation of
5 years, and the age of onset follows a normal distribution. What is the percentage of patients expected to have the age of onset ranging from 57 to 67 years?

A. 34%
B. 68%
C. 95%
D. 99%

正解：B

解説：
To determine the percentage of patients with an age of onset ranging from 57 to 67 years, we need to apply the properties of a normal distribution. In a normal distribution, the mean represents the central point, and the standard deviation defines the spread of the data. Here, the mean age of onset is 62 years, and the standard deviation is 5 years. The range of 57 to 67 years corresponds to one standard deviation below the mean (62 - 5
= 57) to one standard deviation above the mean (62 + 5 = 67).
In a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean (i.e., between # - # and # + #, where # is the mean and # is the standard deviation). This is a well-established statistical principle, often referred to as the 68-95-99.7 rule (or empirical rule) in statistics. Specifically, 34% of the data lies between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean, and another 34% lies between the mean and one standard deviation below the mean, totaling 68% for the range spanning one standard deviation on both sides of the mean.
Let's verify this:
* The lower bound (57 years) is exactly one standard deviation below the mean (62 - 5 = 57).
* The upper bound (67 years) is exactly one standard deviation above the mean (62 + 5 = 67).
* Thus, the range from 57 to 67 years encompasses the middle 68% of the distribution.
Option A (34%) represents the percentage of patients within one standard deviation on only one side of the mean (e.g., 62 to 67 or 57 to 62), not the full range. Option C (95%) corresponds to approximately two standard deviations from the mean (62 ± 10 years, or 52 to 72 years), which is wider than the given range.
Option D (99%) aligns with approximately three standard deviations (62 ± 15 years, or 47 to 77 years), which is even broader. Since the question specifies a range of one standard deviation on either side of the mean, the correct answer is 68%, corresponding to Option B.
In infection control, understanding the distribution of disease onset ages can help infection preventionists identify at-risk populations and allocate resources effectively, aligning with the CBIC's focus on surveillance and data analysis (CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022). While the CBIC does not directly address statistical calculations in its core documents, the application of normal distribution principles is a standard epidemiological tool endorsed in public health guidelines, which inform CBIC practices.
References:
* CBIC Practice Analysis, 2022.
* Public Health Epidemiology Guidelines, Normal Distribution and Empirical Rule (commonly accepted statistical standards).

質問 # 158
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目標を達成するCIC模擬対策: 有難い問題CBIC Certified Infection Control Exam CIC最新関連参考書

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そのため、患者の同僚が24時間年中無休でサポートを提供し、CIC実践教材に関する問題をすべて解決します、また、私たちのCIC試験問題3つのバージョンがあり、つまりPDF、ソフトウェア、オンライン版があります。